Giao Vien 4
Positions of ADVERBS of VIEWPOINT/COMMENTING ADVERBS
Có một số trạng từ và cụm trạng từ được dùng để nói lên quan điểm hay ý kiến của người phát biểu về một hành động nào đó. Các trạng từ này có khuynh hướng bổ nghĩa cho toàn bộ mệnh đề/câu hơn là bổ nghĩa cho riêng một động từ, trạng từ, hay tính từ.
Các trạng từ này có thể ở các vị trí sau:
- Đứng đầu câu (các trạng từ 3 âm tiết trở lên thường được tách biệt bằng một dấu phẩy).
- Đứng trước hoặc sau động từ chính là TO BE trong câu xác định.
- Đứng trước các động từ khác ở câu xác định.
- Đứng giữa trợ động từ (thứ nhất) và động từ chính.
- Đứng trước trợ động từ và động từ chính trong câu phủ định.
- Đứng cuối câu (thường được tách biệt bằng một dấu phẩy).
Trong các ví dụ sau đây, các trạng từ chỉ quan điểm hay sự bình phẩm được dùng ở các vị trí đúng của câu. Khi vị trí của trạng từ trong câu không bình thường, hay quá trang trọng trong văn nói, câu đó sẽ được đánh dấu sao "*".
clearly Clearly, he doesn't know what he is doing.
He clearly doesn't know what he is doing.
He doesn't know what he is doing, clearly.
obviously Obviously, you are acting silly.
You are obviously acting silly.
You are acting silly, obviously.
personally Personally, I'd rather go by train.
I'd personally rather go by train.
I'd rather go by train, personally.
presumably Presumably, he didn't have time to go to the post office.
He presumably didn't have time to go to the post office.
He didn't have time to go to the post office, presumably.
seriously Seriously, I can't give this speech.
I seriously can't give this speech.
I can't give this speech, seriously.
surely Surely you tried to get here on time.
You surely tried to get here on time.
You tried to get here on time, surely.
technically Technically, we cannot fly to Mars and back.
We technically cannot fly to Mars and back.
We cannot fly to Mars and back, technically.
undoubtedly Undoubtedly, he has a good reason not to come.
He undoubtedly has a good reason not to come.
He has a good reason not to come, undoubtedly.
bravely Bravely, I kept on walking.
I bravely kept on walking.
*I kept on walking, bravely.
carelessly Carelessly, she threw her book into the pond.
She carelessly threw her book into the pond.
*She threw her book into the pond, carelessly.
certainly Certainly you should be there.
You certainly should be there. / You should certainly be there.
You should be there, certainly.
cleverly Cleverly, Sally hid the jellybeans.
Sally cleverly hid the jellybeans.
*Sally hid the jellybeans, cleverly.
definitely *Definitely, you are smart.
You defintelyare smart. / You aredefinitely smart.
*You are smart, definitely.
foolishly Foolishly, they cried out.
They foolishly cried out.
They cried out, foolishly.
generously Generously, he donated the money.
He generously donated the money.
*He donated the money, generously.
stupidly Stupidly, they played in the street.
They stupidly played in the street.
*They played in the street, stupidly.
obviously Obviously, we are lost.
We are obviously lost. / *We obviously are lost.
We are lost, obviously.
kindly Kindly, she fed the cat first.
She kindly fed the cat first.
She fed the cat first, kindly.
luckily Luckily, you got here on time.
You luckily got here on time.
You got here on time, luckily.
fortunately Fortunately, we found the boat.
We fortunately found the boat.
We found the boat, fortunately.
naturally Naturally, you cannot be in the circus now.
You naturally cannot be in the circus now.
You cannot be in the circus now, naturally.
wisely Wisely, she stayed home to take a nap.
She wisely stayed home to take a nap.
She stayed home to take a nap, wisely.
confidentially Confidentially, I never gave him the envelope.
I never gave him the envelope, confidentially.
theoretically Theoretically, we could send astronauts to Mars.
We could theoretically send astronauts to Mars.
We theoretically could send astronauts to Mars.
We could send astronauts to Mars, theoretically.
truthfully Truthfully, I don't like chocolate much.
I truthfully don't like chocolate much.
I don't like chocolate much, truthfully.
disappointingly Disappointingly, she got fourth place.
She disappointingly got fourth place.
She got fourth place, disappointingly.
thoughtfully Thoughtfully, I turned away.
I thoughtfully turned away.
I turned away, thoughtfully.
simply *Simply, I don't want to come.
I simply don't want to come.
unbelievably Unbelievably, she showed up late again.
She unbelievably showed up late again.
She showed up late again, unbelievably.
unfortunately Unfortunately, there is no more room.
There is unfortunately no more room.
There unfortunately is no more room.
There is no more room, unfortunately.
VD khác: The audience clearly wasn't enjoying the show.
There certainly wasn't any point in doing it now.
He's getting married? Surely you can't be serious!
She will probably come.
The train has obviously been delayed.
We'll probably go out to eat tonight.
I should definitely explain further.
She is certainly right.
There is clearly something wrong.
That's certainly not the case.
I certainly feel better today.
He probably thinks that he is the smartest.
(NOT He thinks probably that...).
Lưu ý: "Maybe" và "Perhaps" luôn đứng trước một mệnh đề.
Maybe you are right.
Perhaps he will come.
Maybe we'll go out to eat tonight.
Perhaps I should explain further.