Giao Vien 4
DO Vs MAKE
I. When do you use DO? DO is used as follows:
1. DO is used when talking about work, jobs or tasks; or when taking part in an activity, a play, song, dance etc. = Khi nói về công việc, việc làm hoặc nhiệm vụ; hoặc khi tham gia một hoạt động, một vở kịch, bài hát, khiêu vũ...
Have you done your homework?
I wouldn't like to do that job.
I have guests visiting tonight so I should start doing the housework now.
I hope you're sorry for what you've done.
He's just doing a few jobs around the house.
We'll all be doing exams next week.
Have you done that essay yet?
He did his PhD at Harvard.
I do yoga twice a week.
While I'm in Norway, I want to do some skiing.
He shouldn't have thrown the bottle – it was a stupid thing to do.
2. do the washing/ironing/cooking/cleaning etc:
Who's going to do the cooking?
do lunch/a film/dinner etc: Call me and we'll do lunch.
To start with, we'd like to do a song from our first album.
I want to do the sitting room and the bedrooms before our guests arrive.
A man comes in once a week to do the garden.
do the dishes/windows/floors etc: Here, let me help you do the dishes.
3. DO is used when we refer to activities in general without being specific. In these cases, we normally use words like thing, something, nothing, anything, everything etc.
Khi đề cập đến các hoạt động nói chung, không cụ thể. Trong các trường hợp này, chúng ta thường dùng các từ như "thing, something, nothing, anything, everything..."
Hurry up! I've got things to do!
Don't just stand there – do something!
Are you doing anything this weekend?
The company ought to do something about the poor service.
do something for someone: Is there anything I can do for you?
nothing to do: There's nothing to do around here – it's really boring.
4. We sometimes use DO to replace a verb when the meaning is clear or obvious. This is more common in informal spoken English:
Để thay thế một động từ khi nghĩa đã rõ ràng. Cách này được dùng phổ biết trong văn nói tiếng Anh thân thiện.
Do I need to do my hair? (do = brush or comb)
Have you done the dishes yet? (done = washed)
I'll do the kitchen if you do the lawns (do = clean, do = mow)
'You promised to come with me.' 'No I didn't.' (didn't = didn't promise to come)
She doesn't travel around as much as I do. (do = travel around)
I like Chinese food, but George doesn't. (doesn't = doesn't like Chinese food)
'I enjoyed our trip to Brighton.' 'So did I.' (So did I = I enjoyed our trip to Brighton too.)
5. DO is used for emphasis [AUXILIARY VERB]:
a. used for emphasizing the meaning of a positive statement: dùng để nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa của một phát biểu mang tính tích cực.
Your garden does look nice.
My memory isn't very good, but I do remember what she was wearing.
I did lock the door. I'm absolutely sure.
I do like her - after all, she is my sister.
If you see James, do convey my apologies to him.
Oh darling, I do love you.
If ever you're in Cambridge, do give me a ring.
b. used when you are politely trying to persuade someone to do something: khi muốn thuyết phục ai làm gì một cách lịch sự.
Do stay and have dinner with us.
Do be quiet!
Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework.
Do write and let me know how you're getting on.
"Can I buy stamps here?" "Well, we do sell them, but we don't have any at the moment."
II. When do you use MAKE?
1. Make is for producing, constructing, creating or building something new.
Chỉ việc sản xuất, xây dựng, tạo ra hoặc làm cái gì mới.
She makes all her own clothes.
made in: This furniture is made in South America.
make something from something: They make paper from old rags.
make something out of something: We made curtains out of some old material we found.
make someone something: Joan made me a beautiful dress for my wedding.
make something about someone/something: They're making a TV programme about the case.
2. It is also used to indicate the origin of a product or the materials that are used to make something.
Dùng để trình bày nguồn gốc của một sản phẩm hoặc các chất liệu/vật liệu được dùng để làm một vật gì.
His wedding ring is made of gold.
The house was made of bricks.
Wine is made from grapes.
The watches were made in Switzerland
made (out) of something: The bowl is made of metal/plastic/wood.
Mời các bạn tham khảo bài viết "Made out of - Made of - Made from - Made with".
3. We also use Make for producing an action or reaction; to cause someone or something to be in a particular state or to change to another state.
Dùng để chỉ việc sản sinh ra một hành động hoặc một sự phản ứng; làm cho ai/cái gì ở/lâm vào một trạng thái nào đó, hoặc làm cho ai/cái gì thay đổi sang một trạng thái khác.
make a noise/mess/fuss: Don't make a noise!
Try not to make a mess because I've been cleaning.
Stop making such a fuss!
make an attempt/effort: Helen made no attempt to stop him.
make a mistake/error: Nobody's perfect – we all make mistakes.
make a change/alteration/adjustment etc: People can eat more healthily without making major changes to their diet.
make a contribution: This study makes an outstanding contribution to our understanding of the disease.
make someone do something: This film always makes me cry.
Onions make your eyes water.
It's not my fault. My brother made me do it!
I'm not going to apologize and you can't make me!
They made us work for 12 hours a day.
They made him tell the truth by depriving him of food.
be made to do something: We were made to learn fifty new words every week.
We were made to work for 12 hours a day.
make yourself heard/understood etc: I know enough Japanese to make myself understood.
make something difficult/easy etc: The noise in the school makes learning difficult.
make someone feel ill/sad/strange etc: The smell of fish makes me feel ill.
make someone look fat/thin/younger etc: That haircut makes you look ten years younger.
make someone happy/sad/angry etc: Listening to the news just makes me angry these days.
You make me happy.
make something nice/pretty/attractive etc: I want to make the place nice for when they arrive.
make someone famous/popular etc: It was television that made her so popular.
make it clear/obvious/plain etc (that): I'd like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this.
make it known/understood (that): She made it known that she was the mayor's wife.
make someone something: They made him head teacher after Joanne left.
4. You use make before certain nouns about plans and decisions:
Dùng "make" trước các danh từ về kế hoạch và quyết định: make an arrangement, make an appointment/date, make a choice, make a decision, make progress.
I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.
I've made an appointment for you with the doctor for tomorrow morning.
She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
He wants people to make their own choices.
They were forced to make a choice between family and career.
No one wanted to make a clear decision on the project.
We've made some progress, but there's still a long way to go.
5. We use Make with nouns about speaking:
Dùng "make" với các danh từ về phát biểu: make a comment, make a statement/suggestion/complaint etc, make a speech, make a note of something (=keep a written record of something).
She made helpful comments on my work.
The minister will make a statement on that issue later today.
Several people made speeches at the wedding.
Matthew made a note of the car's number and informed the police.
She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.
6. We use Make with Food, Drink and Meals:
Dùng "make" với thức ăn, thức uống và các bữa ăn: make a cake, make a cup of tea, make dinner/lunch/breakfast.
Jane made coffee while the guests were finishing their dessert.
My mother made a cake for us.
7. We use Make with "money": to earn or get money
She makes about £2,000 a month.
make money: You can make a lot of money playing the stock market.
make a living (=make enough money to buy the things that you need): Can you make a living from painting?
make a profit: The company made a small profit in its first year.
8. We use Make to calculate something to be something = dùng trong tính toán
Four and two make six.
What time do you make it?
I make that exactly $50.
9. We use Make to talk about reaching a particular place, especially so that there is time to do something; or being able to be present at a particular event = đến một nơi; có mặt ở một sự kiện.
We can't make the conference after all.
At this rate we won't make Jedda before midnight.
Dan just managed to make his 7 o'clock flight to Toronto.
Do you think we'll make Dover by 12?
I'm sorry I couldn't make your party last night.
He'll never make (= get a place in) the team.
The story made (= appeared on) the front pages of the national newspapers.
10. We use Make to talk about succeeding, achieving something = nói về thành công, đạt được cái gì.
make something: We've made our target of 10,000 sales this month.
The news really made my day.
make a deadline: They'll never make the deadline now that the computers have crashed.
We just managed to make the deadline (= to finish something in time).
make the headlines/papers/news etc (=be important enough to be reported):
Their search for a heart donor made the headlines in April.
make a team/squad (=be chosen for it):
Dawson has failed to make the team for Saturday's big match.
III. Compare Do and Make: So sánh "DO" và "MAKE"
A: You have to make a cake for Simon.
B: I'll do it later.
Notice how in the response the verb DO is used. This is because the meaning is clear and to avoid saying "I'll make it later." which could sound repetitive.
Chú ý cách đáp lại câu nói trên => người nói dùng "Do". Là do nghĩa đã rõ ràng và để tránh nói lại "I'll make it later." (mục I.3)