Nambk
Mệnh đề phó từ rút gọn - Reduced adverbial clauses
1. When he looked outside, he saw the police car → Looking outside, he saw the police car.
2. Because she didn't feel very well, she sat down → Not feeling very well, she sat down.
3. After he had retired, Cecil decided to travel → Having retired, Cecil decided to travel.
4. I was really quite flattered at first, because I was asked to work with one of the professors → I was really quite flattered at first, being asked to work with one of the professors.
We avoid using reduced adverbial clauses when the subjects are different (eg. 6):
5. Because it was barking loudly, the dog scared us → Barking loudly, the dog scared us.
6. Because it was barking loudly, we were scared (Not Barking loudly, we were scared.)
So be careful! Never say: Upon ringing, I woke up.
(Chỉ có điện thoại mới được "nói": Lúc chuông rung, tôi thức giấc)
7. Before you leave, switch off all the lights → Before leaving, switch off all the lights.
8. He stood there, as if he was waiting for someone → He stood there, as if waiting for someone.
Sometimes we can leave out the subject + be:
9. Although (they are) small, terriers are tough.
10. Though (it had been) broken, it still worked.
11. When (it is) seen from space, the earth is blue.
Enjoy!
(Sưu tầm)