Giao Vien 4
THE SUBJUNCTIVE – BÀNG THÁI CÁCH/THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH
Động từ bàng thái/thể giả định cách được dùng ở hình thức gốc/đơn giản là nguyên mẫu không "to" đối với tất cả các ngôi. VD: hình thức đơn giản của "to be" là "be", của "to go" là "go"...
Bàng thái cách/thể giả định được dùng để nhấn mạnh sự quan trọng và tính cấp bách của một sự việc.
I suggest that he study.
Is it essential that we be there?
Daniel recommended that you join the committee.
It is important that he try to study often.
1. Bàng thái cách được dùng sau các động từ:
to advise (that), to ask (that), to command (that), to demand (that), to desire (that), to insist (that), to propose (that), to recommend (that), to request (that), to suggest (that), to urge (that)...
Main Clause (verb) + That Clause (with Subjunctive):
Donna requested (that) Frank come to the party.
The teacher insists that her students be on time.
She asked that she be kept informed of developments.
Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month.
2. Bàng thái cách được dùng sau các danh từ: proposal, order, suggestion...
Main clause (noun) + That Clause (with Subjuntive)
He made a proposal that the company buy more land.
The president has issued an order that the secretary resign next month.
They made a suggestion that she be early.
3. Bàng thái cách được dùng sau các cụm thành ngữ:
It is best (that), It is crucial (that), It is desirable (that), It is essential (that), It is imperative (that), It is important (that), It is recommended (that), It is urgent (that), It is vital (that), It is a good idea (that), It is a bad idea (that), ...
Main clause (adjective/noun) + That Clause (with Subjunctive):
It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives.
It is important she attend the meeting.
It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
Tara is anxious that you return soon.
They are keen that he not be hurt.
We were determined that it remain secret.
4. Bàng thái cách có thể được dùng ở hình thức phủ định, bị động và tiếp diễn:
a. Phủ định (Negative):
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.
We have made a request that we not be disturbed.
The board of directors recommended that he not be dismissed.
The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours.
b. Bị động (Passive):
Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations.
We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.
c. Tiếp diễn (Continuous):
It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over.
I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home.
It is important that a car be waiting when we arrive.
5. "Should" đôi khi được sử dụng để thể hiện sự cần thiết. Hình thức này được sử dụng thường xuyên hơn trong tiếng Anh của Anh và phổ biến nhất là sau động từ "suggest" (gợi ý), "recommend" (đề xuất) và "insist" (nhấn mạnh).
It was essential that we should vote the following day.
He requested that the car park should not be locked at night.
She asked that she should be kept informed.
The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem.
Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam.
6. Be sau IF/WHETHER:
Đôi khi bàng thái cách được dùng sau "if/whether", mặc dù hơi trang trọng, đặc biệt là trong tiếng Anh của người Anh.
If that be (not) the case, I intend to report the matter.
If I were in charge, I'd do things differently.
Whether he be prepared or not, I intend to report the matter.
Một số thành ngữ dùng bàng thái cách:
Bless you!
God bless America!
God save the Queen.
Long live the President!
Heaven forbid!
Heaven help us!
7. Were-Subjunctive (Thể giả định):
"were" được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi theo lối trang trọng.
Đôi khi dùng bàng thái cách "were" sau "if, as if, wish, suppose" thể hiện ước muốn (không có thật ở hiện tại), sự tưởng tượng hoặc sự không chắc chắn.
Cũng có một số trường hợp dùng "was" theo lối không trang trọng:
Formal with were: Informal with was:
I would go if I were younger. I would go if I was younger.
If he were not so mean, he would buy one. If he wasn't so mean, he would buy one.
It's not as if I were ugly. It's not as if I was ugly.
She acts as if she were the Queen. She acts as if she was the Queen.
I wish I weren't so slow! I wish I wasn't so slow!
I wish the computer were working. I wish the computer was working.
Suppose she were here. What would you say? Suppose she was here. What would you say?
Lưu ý: Mặc dù "hope" và "wish" có vẻ giống nhau, nhưng chúng ta không dùng "bàng thái cách với "hope".
I hope that this computer works.
Not: I hope that this computer work.
I hope that this computer is working.
Not: I hope that this computer be working.
Nguồn: Sưu tầm