Giao Vien 4
NO & NOT
A. NO (determiner) + a noun/noun phrase/ gerund = not one; not any; not a: không có bất cứ..., không có bất cứ một..., không một... , không được phép...
= used for saying that there is not even one person or thing
There's no time to stop and talk.
I can't pay – I have no money.
here's absolutely no reason to get up early tomorrow morning.
He had been given almost noopportunity to practise.
There was no hospital in the town.
No smoking/swimming.
He's no fool.
There was no hospital in the town. (= There wasn't any hospital in the town.)
There's no butter in the fridge. (= There isn't any butter in the fridge.)
No students joined the program. (= There weren't any students who joined the program.)
No man is perfect. (= There isn't any perfect man.)
She has got nochildren. (= She hasn't got any children.)
I have got no money to buy food. (= I haven't got any money to buy food.)
I have no living cousins that I know about.
There were no letters this morning.
Lưu ý: Vài trường hợp cả hai cấu trúc "verb + not" & "no + noun" có thể có nghĩa giống nhau.
- There wasn't any reply. (Noun phrase) = There was no reply (Noun).
- There aren't any good guys. (N.phr.) = There are no good guys. (Noun phrase)
- There isn't any water here. (Noun) = There is no water here. (Noun)
- He's not stupid. (Adj.) = He's no stupid. (Noun)
B. NOT (adverb):
* NOT (alone)
** NOT + a word (verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun)
*** NOT + phrase (cụm từ)
1. NOT = used for a negative meaning, or to reply in the negative: không..., không phải...
I do not intend to resign. (Bare infinitive Verb)
It isn't raining. (Present participle)
I can't see from here. (Bare infinitive Verb)
He warned me not to be late. (Infinitive Verb)
It's not easy being a parent (= it's difficult). (Adj.)
Notsurprisingly, they got divorced within a couple of months. (Adv.)
Think about today, not yesterday! (Adv.)
Yes, I'll tell them, but not now/today. (Adv.)
Not everybody agrees. (Pronoun)
'Who's next?' 'Not me.' (Pronoun)
No, it's hers, not mine. (Pronoun)
Oh no! Not another of Ronald's stupid ideas. (Pronoun)
Ask James, not his wife. (Noun phrase)
'What did you do at school?' 'Not a lot.' (Noun phrase)
You can come tomorrow, but not on Friday. (Prepositional phrase)
I was sorry not to have seen them. (Verb phrase)
He did it not very well. (Adverbial phrase)
They aren't deliciously sweet! (Adjective phrase)
2. NOT + a distance, length of time, amount ... = to say that something is less than that amount: không/chưa đầy...
We got there not five minutes before Fran arrived. (Noun phrase)
Chúng tôi đến đó chưa đầy 5 phút thì Fran đến.
He was not three miles from home when his car broke down. (Noun phrase)
Anh ấy ở cách xa nhà không đầy 3 dặm khi xe bị hư.
3. NOT (alone) = used after hope, expect, believe, afraid .... -> to give a negative reply; or used to show a negative possibility:
'Will she be there?' 'I hope not.'
'Is it ready?' 'I'm afraid not.'
'Does he know?' 'I believe not.' (formal)
I don't know if he's telling the truth or not.
4. NOT = is used to say that you do not want something or will not allow something
'Some more?' 'Not for me, thanks.' (Prepositional phrase)
'Can I throw this out?' 'Certainly not.' (alone)
C. Lưu ý:
* "I will have no choice" could be taken to mean that there was never any choice to make
= không có bất cứ lựa chọn nào (không có sẵn nhiều sự lựa chọn để chọn) ... (cho nên bắt buộc phải làm một việc gì đó...)
i.e. "There is no choice at the canteen because there is only one meal being served".
"Không có bất cứ sự lựa chọn nào ở căn tin cả vì chỉ có một bữa ăn được phục vụ thôi."
* "I won't have a choice" could be used to imply that there is a choice but the speaker is not able to make it.
= Có một sự lựa chọn (trong nhiều sự lựa chọn có sẵn) nhưng người nói không thể thực hiện được.
i.e. "I won't have a choice of what is for dinner because my boss ordered all our food".
"Tôi không có sự lựa chọn sẽ ăn gì vào bữa tối vì sếp tôi đã đặt thức ăn cho tất cả chúng tôi rồi."
Mời các bạn tham khảo bài viết "There is no car" or "There isn't any car".